Week 5 Team Project: Core Phenotypes
Although behavior genetic methods can be applied to any phenotype you can imagine, some have received more attention than others. This week you will be reviewing the literature on one of the most investigated phenotypes in behavior genetics and producing a summary of what we currently know and how it does (or does not) fit with our expectations based on the Themes in Behavior Genetics.
Team assignments will be posted on Moodle.
Objectives
- Become familiar with when and how to use the Empirical Article Summary template and the Review Article Summary template to keep track of key information as you’re reading.
- Identify common themes across papers.
- Create a team summary of your phenotype using the Topic Summary template.
Lecture Notes
This week our goal is to learn about some of the most-investigated phenotypes in BG by breaking down some pre-selected papers (for each phenotype, one twin study estimate of heritability, one GWAS, and one or two review papers), finding supplemental papers, and looking at their core conclusions and how they fit into the framework of common themes in behavior genetics (see the very end of Week 1 Lecture Notes).
I was able to get everyone into one of their top 3 preferred phenotype teams, so keep in mind that you and your teammates have at least one thing in common - you’re interested in this topic! That’s the best starting point to build a successful collaboration, even if only for a short time.
Do first:
- Check your team assignment, posted at the top of the Week 5 tab.
- Make sure you can access your team discussion forum for Week 5 (posted below your team’s pre-selected readings).
- Make sure you can access (or request access to) your team google doc (posted below your team’s discussion board; access to the doc does require a login so I can see who contributed what).
- Skim your team’s pre-selected papers (note: SKIM, you are not expected to do a deep-read of all of these).
This week we will have Zoom meetings on both Tuesday and Thursday (11:00 am - 12:20 pm Central). During these sessions, you will work together to:
- [Tuesday] Complete an Empirical Article Summary for your twin study and GWAS papers and a Review Article Summary for your review paper(s).
- [Thursday] Draft a Topic Summary about BG research on your phenotype.
As always, there are four asynchronous options to contribute to your team effort this week. However, I encourage you to attend this week’s Zoom sessions if at all possible, because working through these activities as a group is the easiest way to develop these skills.
As I work through providing feedback on your topic and reference selections, it’s a good time to look ahead to Project Milestone 2: 10 article summaries, which is due at the end of Week 8. For that assignment, you’ll be using the same Empirical Article Summary and Review Article Summary templates that you’re working with this week. If you start working on your 10 article summaries this week, you can do 2-3 per week and be done on time. You should receive specific feedback from me on your topic and proposed references by the end of the week; feel free to start on your article summaries in the meantime. If you’re particularly concerned about your proposed topic and want to receive feedback sooner rather than later (that is, before starting on your article summaries), feel free to email me or schedule a time to chat briefly.
Prep Work
Below is a listing of materials to review early in the week. Although these activities do not earn points, they will prepare you to undertake the Participation Activities and Course Project assignments.
- Skim the papers posted on your team’s resources list below
- Your team will be working together to create formal summaries of these papers during Tuesday’s Zoom session, but you should become generally familiar with them before/even if you’re not attending Tuesday’s Zoom session. Each team starts with one twin study, one GWAS, and one or two review papers.
Participation Activities
You can earn up to 4 points for participation activities each week by selecting and completing tasks from the “menu” listed below. You may complete more than four tasks if you’d like, but the maximum number of points awarded will be 4 per week. Each activity is worth 1 point.
- Find and summarize an empirical article (other than those that have been pre-selected) about the genetics of your team’s phenotype. An Empirical Article is a scholarly source that does a new analysis of data (that is, it is not just a review of previous research; it will almost certainly include sections labeled Methods and Results).
- Make the subject of your post: [summary] Article title (N = number of participants).
- For the body of your post, fill out an Empirical Article Summary template
- Post your completed Empirical Article Summary to your team’s discussion forum.
- Find a popular source about the genetics of your team’s phenotype, find the scholarly source that it is reporting, and post both to your team’s discussion forum.
- Make the subject of your post: [scicomm] Popular media piece title
- In the body of your post, include:
- A link to the popular source.
- The APA-formatted citation for the scholarly source it is reporting on.
- A brief (1-2 sentences) summary of the topic being addressed.
- A brief (1-2 sentences) evaluation of how accurate the popular source reporting is to the original scholarly source.
- Write a tweet thread (4 or more tweets, <280 characters each, link/image/gifs optional) about the genetics of your team’s phenotype (citing the pre-selected readings and/or papers that have been posted to your team’s discussion forum) and post it to your team’s discussion forum.
- Make the subject of your post: [tweets] First few words of the first tweet.
- For some inspiration, check out this twitter list of authors whose work you have/will read in this class, plus some of my favorite scicommers.
- Important: You are not required to actually tweet anything; it’s enough to prepare & post here the text/images in that style.
- Journal Response: Editing
- Do some editing of your team’s Topic Summary draft (in the team google doc, produced during the Thursday live Zoom session). For example:
- Add information from posts in your team’s discussion forum.
- Add details about individual studies to existing text: sample sizes, participant characteristics, phenotype operationalizations, effect sizes, replication attempts.
- Paraphrase direct quotes; only quote something directly if the original phrasing was so perfect and beautiful that to rephrase it would be a crime against language.
- Work through one or more of the steps of Randy McCarthy’s suggestions for self-editing your writing to edit your team’s Topic Summary draft.
- For participation activity credit: Write a couple of sentences reflecting on what you changed or added and how those changes impact the summary overall.
- Do some editing of your team’s Topic Summary draft (in the team google doc, produced during the Thursday live Zoom session). For example:
- Team Learning Project on Tuesday, 11:00 am - 12:20 pm
- Work together to fill out the Empirical Article Summary and Review Article Summary templates describing your team’s pre-selected papers
- Team Learning Project on Thursday, 11:00 am - 12:20 pm
- Work together to draft a Topic Summary for your team’s phenotype.
Team Resources
Pre-selected articles are listed below. Team discussion forums and shared google docs are available in Moodle.
Autism
- Bai et al 2019 Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors With Autism in a 5-Country Cohort. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1411
- Grove et al 2019 Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0344-8
- Schaaf et al 2020 A framework for an evidence-based gene list relevant to autism spectrum disorder. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-020-0231-2
Cognitive Ability
- Haworth et al 2010 The heritability of general cognitive ability increases linearly from childhood to young adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.55
- Trampush et al 2017 GWAS meta-analysis reveals novel loci and genetic correlates for general cognitive function- a report from the COGENT consortium. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.244
- Plomin & von Stumm 2018 The new genetics of intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2017.104
- Johnson 2010 Understanding the genetics of intelligence- Can height help? Can corn oil? https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410370136
Depression
- Kendler & Prescott 1999 A population-based twin study of lifetime major depression in men and women. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.56.1.39
- Wray et al 2018 Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0090-3
- Ormel et al 2019 The genetics of depression- successful genome-wide association studies introduce new challenges. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0450-5
Drug Use
- Rhee et al 2003 Genetic and environmental influences on substance initiation, use, and problem use in adolescents. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.12.1256
- Liu et al 2019 Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0307-5
- Hancock et al 2018 Human Genetics of Addiction- New Insights and Future Directions. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0873-3
Height
- Silventoinen et al 2003 Heritability of adult body height- a comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries. https://doi.org/10.1375/twin.6.5.399
- Wood et al 2014 Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3097
- Visscher et al 2010 From Galton to GWAS- quantitative genetics of human height. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672310000571
Schizophrenia
- Hilker et al 2018 Heritability of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum based on the nationwide Danish twin register. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.017
- Ripke et al 2020 Mapping genomic loci prioritises genes and implicates synaptic biology in schizophrenia. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.12.20192922
- Kavanagh 2015 Schizophrenia genetics- emerging themes for a complex disorder. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2014.148